2023 Fall_Lesson 1 - Blink Lesson Plan

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University of Texas *

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210

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Electrical Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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Blink - LED Written by: UTeach Outreach Intended Grade Level: 5 th Grade Length of lesson: 45-50minutes Lesson source and resources: https://learn.adafruit.com/category/learn-arduino https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Introduction https://www.hackerearth.com/blog/developers/a-tour-of-the-arduino-uno-board https://techterms.com/definition/oop https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-c-programming-language/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVmp0uGtShk&t=201s (one-minute video) I. Overview  Introductions – presenters introduce themselves and review the goals of the class.  The Arduino board will be introduced, and students will explore Tinkercad and the various hardware associated. The lesson ends with a “Blink” build where the students connect their Arduino board and program an LED light to blink on and off.  Students work to set up and program an Arduino board to turn a light on and off at one second intervals. Students build their system, program, and test it. Then are asked to reflect on the challenge and present their experiences to their classmates. II. Performance Objectives Students will be able to: 1. restate the course objectives for this semester 2. identify an Arduino board and its basic parts 3. become familiar with Tinkercad software 4. utilize code to get their Arduino board to light an LED and make it blink III. Resources, materials, and supplies  Simulation Builder – Tinkercad o To use this site, you’ll need to create your own profile on the link provided. Once you’ve created your own profile, you’ll be able to click through the different types of builds available. For this course, we will strictly be using the ‘circuit’ builds, but you are welcome to peruse the other options outside of class.  Student Code Source and Keys IV. Advanced Preparation  All students (or computers for secondary students) should access Tinkercad via the “Students with a Class Code” link and class code created for them by UTeach/their host teacher. This software is free to use for all students.

V. Background Information College Level Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, or publishing something online. You can “tell” your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming language, based on wiring, and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on processing. We will be utilizing a virtual version of the Arduino board for our builds, but the diagram of a physical board below provides an overview of each of its components. Components of an Arduino Uno 1. USB connector – used to load a program from the Arduino IDE onto the Arduino board 2. Power port – Arduino board can be powered through an adapter or battery. This is done to use your Arduino portably. The USB connector will also power the Arduino using a connected computer’s power. 3. Microcontroller – contains flash memory, RAM, CPU, and Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) 4. Analog input pins – reads signal from an analog sensor. Can also be used for digital input or output. 5. Digital pins – used as either input or output pins. ~ labeled pins can be used for Pulse- Width Modulation (PWM), which is similar to an analog output (ex: fading an LED) 6. Reset switch – re-runs the program uploaded to the Arduino 7. Crystal oscillator – this ticks 16 million times a second, and on each tick, the microcontroller performs one operation, this is how the computer keeps track of “time” 8. USB interface chip – converts USB level signals to a level that the Arduino can understand 9. TX RX LEDs – TX (transmit) and RX (receive) indicate when the board is transmitting or receiving data Coding Language For this course, we will be utilizing the coding language ‘C++’. This coding language is known for its mid-level rendering which allows low-level and higher-level applications to run. Within

our Tinkercad platform, we will be utilizing block coding to visualize and change our code. An example of block coding for this lesson is pictured below: Some key features and advantages of this coding language can be observed below:  Simple Approach : This coding language has a variety of uses and applications because of its components. Programs written in the C++ syntax can be taken apart into their own units and parts. This creates an open platform for additional uses and functions outside of their original intent.  Efficient : Due to the simple syntax and compiled language of C++, it is often associated with expedition or ‘speed of completion.’ Many other programing languages rely on additional processing or built-in features that typically slow down the overall rendering process. The C++ language does not rely on these features and, therefore, is considered a much faster coding process.  Object Oriented Programming : This feature contributes to both the simplicity and efficiency of this coding language. An object in this instance might be a specified set of code that references one aspect of the overall project. Using C++, you can then reference and/or move this set of code throughout your project without needing to recompose the code from scratch. This also contributes to the flexibility of the code as coders can reorganize their programs without needing to retype lines of code. Other coding languages also use this method or have later adapted to an ‘object orientated’ version because of its success and useability. Typical Arduino Kit Components While we will not be using the physical Arduino kits, the simulations you build in the Tinkercad program will reference its hardware directly. Use the video link below to get an understanding of what an Arduino can do with the parts available. You do not need to have all the parts memorized, since there are more parts demonstrated in this video than you will actually be using this semester. However, this video shows parts that could be used for the final

project. Accessible parts for both you and the elementary/middle school students include Arduino, wires, LEDs, breadboard, button, speaker, potentiometer, and servo. Check out what parts you’ll be using this semester: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IV0naLSuQik Elementary Level Students should have basic computer knowledge such as opening and closing the Tinkercad application, following directions on how to connect a USB, and using the keyboard to type letters and numbers. The students do not have to know all the Arduino/Tinkercad parts and are not expected to have any previous experience. VI. Possible Misconceptions  You are expected to know programming prior to this course. This class does not expect you or the elementary/middle school students to have background knowledge in electrical engineering or programming.  Every other student in your class knows how to program. The students in your class come with different backgrounds in computer science, so some people might know a lot, while others have no experience. VII. Vocabulary and Definitions College Level 1. Input – Information that goes into a system/computer. The most common inputs are keyboards and your mouse. 2. Output – data generated by a computer. The most common output is the monitor of a computer. 3. Port – An outlet to which a plug or cable connects. Inputs to the chip and outputs from the chip can go through a port. 4. Chip – The integrated circuit of a computer. The microcontroller of the Arduino is the complete chip of the computer. 5. Process – A series of steps that are followed to complete a task 6. Arduino board – A series of chips, pins, and ports that can be programmed 7. Upload – To send a program to an Arduino 8. Code – The set of instructions that can control a computer. Code can be uploaded to an Arduino. 9. Pins – Digital or analog inputs and outputs Elementary Level 1. Input – Information that goes into a system 2. Output – What happens because of an input 3. System – The combination of code and parts that take in inputs and produce outputs 4. Port – An outlet to which a plug or cable connects. Inputs to the chip and outputs from the chip can go through a port

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