Discussion Board Week 7

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Biology

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Apr 3, 2024

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For this final discussion board, I believe a sufficient topic is a Urinary Tract Infection, which can infect both males and females. According to a journal, Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options , “Urinary tract infections (UTI’s) are a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens, but most commonly by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus” (Flores-Mireles, 2015, para. 1). On average about 150 million people are affected each year, and a UTI is one of the most common bacterial infections. UTI’s are known to usually target the urinary system, when the pathogenic microbes enter the urinary system, the most common symptoms are inflammation and infection, in my experience it urinating is extremely painful. Sometimes I do notice that I have pain in the stomach area and my bladder as well and not often but sometimes my urine has a red tint to it which would make me believe that blood is involved. The post asks about a disease of one’s body system on another system and a UTI has the ability to also affect the immune system and the systematic infections (bloodstream infections). In last weeks lab I discovered that the immune system is designed to fight of infections, bacteria, and viruses, which can be included at the microbial level. “Bladder epithelial cells not only alert the immune system during infection but also directly mediate bacterial clearance by secreting antimicrobial compounds into the urine and by expelling invading bacteria back into the bladder lumen to reduce intracellular load” (Abraham, 2015, para 34). The same microbes that affect the urinary system also can affect the immune system and systematic infections. The same microbial factors in the urinary system, systematic infections and the immune system. E. Coli has the ability to cause UTI’s, Infect the immune system and also systematic infections can be caused by E. Coli because it is a type of bacterial species. They are similar at the microbial level in that each system can be infected by the same microbes. They are different because of the primary attach location of the infections, the severity of the infections, and how they are treated. For example, the location for a UTI is usually through the urinary tract, while a systematic infection can be introduced through the bloodstream which can be as simple as an open wound. When dealing with the severity of the issues, any bacteria that can enter directly into the bloodstream would seem to be more severe than a bacterium that enters through the Urinary tract, because of the localization of the area. Moving through the bloodstream the bacteria have the ability to flow and move freely. A simple solution or at home remedy for myself is to drink cranberry juice, I rarely take antibiotics but that is an option. When it comes to systemic infections antibiotics are the way to go to treat the issue. The treatments for both are similar as they both suggest the taking of antibiotics. I would say that the treatments for both are effective as long as the treatment is followed. References: Abraham SN, Miao Y. The nature of immune responses to urinary tract infections. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Oct;15(10):655-63. doi: 10.1038/nri3887. Epub 2015 Sep 21. PMID: 26388331; PMCID: PMC4926313. Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015 May;13(5):269-84. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3432. Epub 2015 Apr 8. PMID: 25853778; PMCID: PMC4457377. Replies:

Shauna: I have seen cases of the flu turn into pneumonia and I have also seen pneumonia become fatal, as I had a family friend pass away. The flu can cause secondary conditions to people that have ongoing medical conditions. There are several ways to prevent pneumonia such as proper handwashing, and general hygiene. There are antibodies that the immune system produces to prevent the flu, my question is does the immune system use the same antibodies to try and combat pneumonia? Also, they both attack the respiratory system but do they have the same symptoms and if so, how does a person distinguish what they have caught? Amanda: When I saw that you decided to speak about Lyme disease the first thing that came to thought was my dogs because they just got their yearly shots. I take my dogs everywhere, including national parks, state parks, and other environmental locations. My dogs have luckily never obtained a tick and have never experience any side effects from the vaccine. Usually, the symptoms related to Lyme disease are fevers, fatigue, and possible rashes. I am curious if dogs obtain the symptom of fatigue as well if they are infected, also if the treatments are the same for humans and dogs. Another thing that I would to know is if animals and humans have the same issues at the microbial level with the musculoskeletal system.

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