Lab_2_Report_ECEN_214_506.docx

ECEN-214 - Lab Report Lab Number: 2 Lab Title: Non-Ideal Sources Section Number: 506 Student Names: Sterling Light, Rushi Penki TA Name: Nicholas Jeon Date measurements performed: 9 February 2024 Date report due: 22 February 2024

Procedure: The group first connected an AA battery to two different nodes on the provided breadboard. Following this, a parallel resistor combination with an equivalent resistance of close to 50 Ohms was added across the terminals of the battery. Both the actual resistance of this combination and the voltage across it were measured and recorded. This process was repeated an additional six times, using resistors and resistor combinations with resistances equivalent to 100Ω, 200Ω, 1000Ω, 1100Ω, 1500Ω, and 2000Ω. After this, the AA battery was swapped out for another AA battery, and the entire process depicted in the first paragraph was repeated. The original AA battery was then added back into the circuit along with the second one, forming a new equivalent source with a voltage value of approximately 3V. The entire process depicted in the first paragraph was then repeated. Data Tables: The relevant data table from Task #1 is included below. Nominal R L , Measured R L , and Measured V L for the First AA Battery Nominal RL (Ohms) Measured RL (Ohms) Measured VL (Volts) 50Ω 49.8Ω 1.636V 100Ω 99.1Ω 1.651V 200Ω 198Ω 1.66V 1000Ω 987Ω 1.668V 1100Ω 1085Ω 1.668V 1500Ω 1481Ω 1.669V 2000Ω 1973Ω 1.669V The relevant data tables from Task #2 are included below. Nominal R L , Measured R L , and Measured V L for the Second AA Battery Nominal RL (Ohms) Measured RL (Ohms) Measured VL (Volts) 50Ω 49.6Ω 1.632V

100Ω 98.98Ω 1.654V 200Ω 197.87Ω 1.666V 1000Ω 986.6Ω 1.678V 1100Ω 1085.66Ω 1.678V 1500Ω 1481.64Ω 1.679V 2000Ω 1975.17Ω 1.679V Nominal R L , Measured R L , and Measured V L for the Two AA Batteries in Series Nominal RL (Ohms) Measured RL (Ohms) Measured VL (Volts) 50Ω 49.552Ω 3.174V 100Ω 98.8Ω 3.247V 200Ω 198.470Ω 3.298V 1000Ω 986.9Ω 3.331V 1100Ω 1084.97Ω 3.333V 1500Ω 1480.33Ω 3.334V 2000Ω 1974.88Ω 3.335V Data Plots: The plots found on the succeeding pages are all the relevant plots from the group’s analysis of the data gathered in Task #1.

The linearized graph of voltage across the load derived from Equations 1 and 2 provided in the laboratory manual is provided below on the subsequent page.

The equation featured immediately below the title is the equation for the line of best fit. Using this data and the structure of Equation 2, it can be reasonably concluded that the source voltage V s = 1.67 V, and the internal resistance of the battery R s = 1.05 Ω . The battery’s manufacturer reports that the battery provides a voltage of 1.5 V, so the values derived here are reasonable estimates. That being said, the measured value V S from this graph is not 1.5 V, meaning that there is some error in our measurements. This matter is discussed further in the discussion section.

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