lab 5 biological anthropolgy

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University of Louisville *

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207

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Anthropology

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by CaptainGrouseMaster142

lab 5 biological anthropology 1. Which of the following geographic areas is home to people with the darkest skin color? Central Africa 2. Adaptations are Permanent traits that may result from natural selection 3. Define hypoxia A condition in which the body is not getting enough oxygen 4. Why is hypoxia common in high altitudes Because oxygen concentrations are lower in the air 5. according to Bergmann’s rule which trait is advantageous in a cold climate? Larger body size 6. the B blood antigen allele is most frequent in which region? Central Eurasia 7. describe the difference between lactose and lactate lactose is a sugar found in milk and lactate is an anion derived from lactic acid 8. lactose intolerance is common among populations that have a history of raising diary animals 9. where do we find populations with high frequencies of the sickle cell trait? Areas of Africa and western Asia 10. where do we find populations with high exposure to malaria? Areas of Africa and western Asia

Exercise 1 We learned in this lab that skin color has a clinical distribution. This is true for many of our other traits as well. 1. Identify one human trait other than those discussed in this lab that you think has a clinical distribution Resilience 2. Why do you think this trait varies among different individuals and populations? (does it provide advantages in certain environments or might it improve reproductive success?) it varies from person to person and population because of a biological and emotional and cultural it influences how people react to and cope with adversity 3. How would you study this hypothesis? What data would you collect about the trait? I would look at their genes and how they were raised and how they handle stress and the culture they are part of 4. What data would you collect about the evolutionary context of the trait? I would look at the how being tough helped our ancestors Exercise 2 Recent research has identified a gene (SLC-45A2) that codes for a protein that affects melanin production in humans and other animals. A mutation in this gene has given rise to two variant alleles. The L374 allele correlates with darker pigmentation and the F374 allele correlates with lighter pigmentation. Researchers collected DNA samples from people in 14 European, Asian, and African populations and identified the frequency of the F374 allele in these groups. Review the data in the chart below and answer the questions that follow. 1. In what populations do we see the highest frequencies of the F374 allele for lighter pigmentation? German

2. In what populations do we see the lowest frequencies of the F374 allele for lighter pigmentation? African 3. the map below shows the ancestral location of the population studied superimposed on figure 8.2 a map of regional skin color variation. Are these results what you would expect based on the skin color information in the map? Yes 4. why might some light skinned populations such as Japanese be missing the F374 allele for lighter skin pigmentation? It might be because of other genes Exercise 3 You and your classmate have decided to take a vacation to the Andes in South America. You plan to spend 2 weeks hiking camping and exploring the area 1. while you are there you can expect to undergo some acclimatization to this high altitude environment. Describe one of these possible acclimatization the increase in the production of red blood cells 2. why would your body undergo such change? What benefit or benefits does this acclimatization afford while you are vacationing at high altitude it does this to enhance oxygen delivery ensuring vital organs receive sufficient oxygen 3. several weeks after you have returned home from your vacation will you still have this acclimation? No 4. while you are in the Andes you notice that local people seem to be better adapted to the high altitude conditions than you are. Describe one of their possible adaptations they have increase ventilation rate

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